¶Ī 2-dose primary COVID-19 mRNA vaccination series followed by a third (booster) dose at least 5 months after dose 2 is recommended for adults aged ≥18 years without immunocompromising conditions. Booster doses should be obtained immediately when persons become eligible. Immunocompetent persons should receive recommended COVID-19 booster doses to prevent moderate to severe COVID-19, including a first booster dose for all eligible persons and second booster dose for adults aged ≥50 years at least 4 months after an initial booster dose. Among adults aged ≥50 years, VE against COVID-19–associated hospitalization ≥120 days after receipt of dose 3 was 55% (95% CI = 46%–62%) and ≥7 days (median = 27 days) after a fourth dose was 80% (95% CI = 71%–85%) during BA.2/BA.2.12.1 predominance. Patterns were similar for ED/UC encounters.
The VISION network † examined 214,487 emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and 58,782 hospitalizations with a COVID-19–like illness § diagnosis among 10 states during December 18, 2021–June 10, 2022, to evaluate VE of 2, 3, and 4 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 ) compared with no vaccination among adults without immunocompromising conditions. Real-world data comparing VE during the periods when the BA.1 and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 predominated (BA.1 period and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 period, respectively) are limited. Omicron sublineages BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 emerged later and by late April 2022, accounted for most cases.* Estimates of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) can be reduced by newly emerging variants or sublineages that evade vaccine-induced immunity ( 1), protection from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated persons ( 2), or increasing time since vaccination ( 3). The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was first identified in the United States in November 2021, with the BA.1 sublineage (including BA.1.1) causing the largest surge in COVID-19 cases to date.
Tenforde, MD, PhD 1 ( View author affiliations) View suggested citation Currey 15 Bruce Fireman, MA 14 Chandni Raiyani, MPH 3 Ousseny Zerbo, PhD 14 Chantel Sloan-Aagard, PhD 15 ,19 Sarah W. Dunne, MSc 2 Kristin Goddard, MPH 14 Julie Arndorfer, MPH 9 Deepika Konatham 3 Nimish R. Kharbanda, MD 18 Akintunde Akinseye, MSPH 2 Monica Dickerson 1 Ned Lewis, MPH 14 Nancy Grisel, MPP 9 Jungmi Han 16 Michelle A. Naleway, PhD 5 Kempapura Murthy, MBBS 3 Suchitra Rao, MBBS 11 Brian E. Klein, MD, PhD 14 Emily Hartmann, MPP 15 Edward Stenehjem, MD 9 Karthik Natarajan, PhD 8 ,16 Allison L. Grannis, MD 12 ,13 Charlene McEvoy, MD 10 Palak Patel, MBBS 1 Nicola P. Irving, MHS 5 Melissa Stockwell, MD 6 ,7 ,8 Kristin Dascomb, MD, PhD 9 Malini B. Levy, PhD 2 Manjusha Gaglani, MBBS 3 ,4 Stephanie A. However, further research is needed to determine its optimal use in the evaluation of patients with suspected ME.Ruth Link-Gelles, PhD 1 Matthew E. This newer rapid diagnostic tool has an overall high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ME with a fast turnaround time and has the potential to improve resource utilization for patients presenting with suspicion of ME. The BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel was the first Food and Drug Administration-cleared multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid samples, able to identify 14 organisms in a single test reaction. Multiplexed polymerase chain reaction panels are one of several rapid diagnostic technologies that have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods for ME. Patients suspected of having ME are often hospitalized and started on empiric antimicrobial treatment, because of the potential adverse consequences of delaying the diagnosis or treatment. Meningitis and encephalitis (ME) are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.